Student Loans and Repayment Options
Student loans are a financial aid option that can be considered after taking advantage of available grants and determining if federal loans are available first. Student loans are a specific type of loan that have interest rates and repayment options different from other private loans.
Student loans are useful if you:
- don't qualify for scholarships or grants
- receive some grant money, but need additional assistance to meet expenses
- are a graduate or professional student
- enroll at a college or university out of state



Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans are federal student loans offered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) to help eligible students cover the cost of higher education at a four-year college or university, community college, or trade, career, or technical school. (You might see Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans referred to as Stafford Loans or Direct Stafford Loans, but these aren’t the official loan names.)
The U.S. Department of Education makes Direct PLUS Loans to eligible parents and graduate or professional students through schools participating in the Direct Loan Program.
A Direct Consolidation Loan allows you to consolidate (combine) one or more federal education loans into a new Direct Consolidation Loan for the purpose of lowering your monthly payment amount or gaining access to federal forgiveness programs.
Make sure you choose a loan that best meets your needs, but keep in mind that the cheapest loan is not always your best option. Because loans must be repaid, you should plan your debt financing carefully:
- Ask for information about interest rates and fees, repayment terms and options, and other obligations.
- Review loan terminology to understand banking terms.
- Consider your future income and don't borrow more than you can afford to pay back.
It's important you only borrow what you can afford to pay back. If your student loans equal more than eight percent of your overall income before taxes, you may begin to have difficulty paying other bills, qualifying for additional loans or saving money.
Debt-to-income calculators can help determine how large an income you would need to repay your loan:
Each loan has its own characteristics and features. These features must be carefully compared to decide which loan is best for you. Compare your options side-by-side and include:
- the total cost to repay the loan (including the fees, principal and interest)
- how long it takes to repay the loan
- the amount of the monthly payments
- the penalty you'd pay if you were late on a payment or default
- the impact that the loan would have on your total financial package (how it would affect your grant, scholarship, and work study awards)
- whether it can be consolidated with other loans at the time of repayment
For more information on the loans available to you:
- Talk to the financial aid office at the school the student is attending or wishes to attend.
- Check with local banks to see if they have alternative educational loans that you can also consider.
Alternative loans are available from private lenders, such as banks, savings and loan associations or credit unions. Typically, these loans cost the student and family more in the long run, but they may have fewer eligibility restrictions.
For more information, contact commercial financial institutions or the financial aid administrator at the school you are attending or are planning to attend.

